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Item Future health expenditure in the BRICS countries: a forecasting analysis for 2035(Journal of Global Health, 2023) Pragyan Monalisa Sahoo; Himanshu Sekhar Rout; Mihajlo JakovljevicThis study examined the health expenditure trend among the BRICS from 2000 to 2019 and made predictions with an emphasis on public, pre-paid, and out-of-pocket expenditures for 2035.Item Effect of kangaroo mother care initiated in community settings on financial risk protection of low-income households: a randomised controlled trial in Haryana, India(BMJ Global Health, 2022) Tarun Shankar Choudhary; Sarmila Mazumder; Oystein A. Haaland; Sunita Taneja; Rajiv Bahl; Jose Martines; Maharaj Kishan Bhan; Ole Frithjof Norheim; Halvor Sommerfelt; Nita Bhandari; Kjell Arne JohanssonThe paper assesses the effect of Kangaroo Mother Care initiated in the community setting on financial risk protection.Item A decision support framework for optimal vaccine distribution across a multi-tier cold chain network(Comput. Ind. Eng., 2023) Shanmukhi Sripada; Ayush Jain; Prasanna Ramamoorthy; Varun RamamohanIn this paper, we present a decision support framework for optimizing multiple aspects of vaccine distribution across a multi-tier cold chain network. We propose two multi-period optimization formulations within this framework: first to minimize inventory, ordering, transportation, personnel and shortage costs associated with a single vaccine; the second for the case when multiple vaccines with differing efficacies and costs are available for the same disease. We use the case of the Indian state of Bihar and COVID-19 vaccines to illustrate the implementation of the framework. We present computational experiments including what-if scenario and sensitivity analyses to demonstrate: (a) the organization of the model outputs; (b) how the models can be used to assess the impact of cold chain point storage capacities, transportation vehicle capacities, and manufacturer capacities on the optimal vaccine distribution pattern; and (c) the impact of vaccine efficacies and associated costs such as ordering and transportation costs on the vaccine selection decision informed by the model. We then demonstrate how robust optimization versions of the single vaccine model, with box and budgeted uncertainty sets, outperform the deterministic version under multiple levels of uncertainty in key model parameters. Finally, we also consider the computational expense of the framework for realistic problem instances, and suggest multiple preprocessing techniques to reduce computational runtimes. Our study presents public health authorities and other stakeholders with a vaccine distribution and capacity planning tool for multi-tier cold chain networks.Item A cluster randomized controlled trial of an electronic decision-support system to enhance antenatal care services in pregnancy at primary healthcare level in Telangana, India: trial protocol(BMC Pregnancy Childbirth, 2023) Sailesh Mohan; Monica Chaudhry; Ona McCarthy; Prashant Jarhyan; Clara Calvert; Devraj Jindal; Rajani Shakya; Emma Radovich; Dimple Kondal; Loveday Penn-Kekana; Kalpana Basany; Ambuj Roy; Nikhil Tandon; Abha Shrestha; Abha Shrestha; Biraj Karmacharya; John Cairns; Pablo Perel; Oona M. R. Campbell; Dorairaj PrabhakaranBackground India contributes 15% of the total global maternal mortality burden. Lessons learned from this trial will also inform recommendations for designing and upscaling similar mHealth interventions in other low and middle-income countries.Item Adolescent and adult perceptions of the effects of larger size graphic health warnings on conventional and plain tobacco packs in India: A community-based cross-sectional study(Tob. Induc. Dis., 2019) Gaurang P. Nazar; Monika Arora; Vinay K. Gupta; Tina Rawal; Amit Yadav; Nanda K. Kannuri; Surbhi Shrivastava; Nathan Grills; Premila WebsterINTRODUCTION We studied adolescent and adult perceptions of the effects of larger size, 85% versus 40%, Graphic Health Warnings (GHWs) on conventional and plain tobacco packs, in India. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 2121 participants (aged >= 13 years), during the period 2015-16, in Delhi and Telangana, India. Four categories of GHWs on tobacco packs were shown: A - 40% existing (April 2013-April 2016), B - 40% new (April 2016-present), C - 85% new, and D - plain packs (85% new). Regression models tested percentage differences in choice of categories for eight outcomes, adjusted for gender, area of residence, socioeconomic status, age, and tobacco use. RESULTS Of the total 2121 participants, 1120 were from Delhi, 1001 from Telangana, 50% were males, 62% were urban residents, 12% were adolescents, and 72% had never used tobacco. Among packs shown, the majority of participants perceived the 85% size GHWs more effective than the 40% size GHWs across all outcomes. The perceived increase in noticeability of GHWs was 45% for category C (p<0.05) and 43.5% for category D (p<0.05) versus category B. In Delhi, participants perceived plain packs to be most effective in motivating quitting, preventing initiation and conveying the health message. In Telangana, adolescents believed GHWs on plain packs were most noticeable, most effective for quitting and preventing initiation. CONCLUSIONS The larger size 85% GHWs were perceived to be more effective in increasing noticeability of warnings, motivating cessation, preventing initiation, and conveying the intended health message. Support for plain packaging was higher in Delhi and among adolescents in Telangana.Item Exposure to indoor air pollution and the cognitive functioning of elderly rural women: a cross-sectional study using LASI data, India(BMC Public Health, 2022) Manoj Dakua; Ranjan Karmakar; Papai BarmanFindings revealed that Indoor Air Pollution from solid fuels could significantly affect the cognitive health of elderly rural women in India, indicating the need for immediate intervention efforts to reduce the use of solid fuels, Indoor Air Pollution, and associated health problems.