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Item Why G20 India could be a game-changer for midwives and nurse's leadership in global health(The Lancet Regional Health - Southeast Asia, 2024) Kaveri Mayra; Deepika Saluja; Shubha NageshThe upcoming G20 meeting in India presents a unique opportunity for the country to further cement its global health leadership record and pave the way internationally to advance the gender equality agenda.Item A comprehensive examination of the economic impact of out-of-pocket health expenditures in India(Health Policy Plan., 2023) Mehak Nanda; Rajesh SharmaMore than 50% of health expenditure is financed through out-of-pocket payments in India, imposing a colossal financial burden on households. Amidst the rising incidence of non-communicable diseases, injuries, and an unfinished agenda of infectious diseases, this study examines comprehensively the economic impact of out-of-pocket health expenditure (OOPE) across 17 disease categories in India. Data from the latest round of the National Sample Survey (2017-18), titled 'Household Social Consumption: Health', were employed. Outcomes, namely, catastrophic health expenditure (CHE), poverty headcount ratio, distressed financing, foregone care, and loss of household earnings, were estimated. Results showed that 49% of households that sought hospitalization and/or outpatient care experienced CHE and 15% of households fell below the poverty line due to OOPE. Notably, outpatient care was more burdensome (CHE: 47.8% and impoverishment: 15.0%) than hospitalization (CHE: 43.1% and impoverishment: 10.7%). Nearly 16% of households used distressed sources to finance hospitalization-related OOPE. Cancer, genitourinary disorders, psychiatric and neurological disorders, obstetric conditions, and injuries imposed a substantial economic burden on households. OOPE and associated financial burden were higher among households where members sought care in private healthcare facilities compared with those treated in public facilities across most disease categories. The high burden of OOPE necessitates the need to increase health insurance uptake and consider outpatient services under the purview of health insurance. Concerted efforts to strengthen the public health sector, improved regulation of private healthcare providers, and prioritizing health promotion and disease prevention strategies are crucial to augment financial risk protection.Item Reorienting health systems towards: Primary Health Care in South Asia(The Lancet Regional Health Southeast Asia, 2024) Susie Perera; Sudha Ramani; Taufique Joarder; Rajendra S. Shukla“Primary health care in South Asia”, is an effort to provide region-specific, evidence-based insights for reorienting health systems towards PHC. Led by regional thinkers, this series draws lessons from five countries in South Asia: Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka.Item Community based health literacy interventions in India: A scoping review(Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health, 2023) Edlin Glane Mathias; Vijay Shree DhyanThe objective of this review was to identify various community interventions that improved health literacy rates among the Indian population and to document their health outcomes as reported.Item A comparative study of health outcomes between elderly Migrant and non-migrant population in India: Exploring health disparities through propensity score matching(SSM-Popul. Health, 2024) Bittu Mandal; Kalandi Charan PradhanMigrants constitute a vulnerable segment of the population, particularly susceptible to various health challenges. Despite this, limited research has delved into the comparative health statuses of migrants and non-migrants in the rising elderly population. This study aims to bridge this gap by exploring health disparities between these two groups. Leveraging data from a nationally representative, large-scale Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI) survey (n = 29002; 3103 Migrants and 25899 Non-migrants), this research focuses on four health indicators: selfrated health (SRH), depression, multimorbidity, and functional limitations. The study undertakes descriptive and bivariate analyses for migrant and non-migrant groups and employs propensity score matching techniques to fulfil its objectives. The findings reveal that for respective migrant and non-migrant populations, the prevalence of poor-SRH was 24.04 % and 16.29 %; depression was 12.32 % and 6.62 %; multimorbidity was 26.78 % and 15.71 %, and functional limitation was 28.35 % and 23.13 %. The study uncovers a 2.4 percentage point increase in poor self-rated health, a 1.0 percentage point rise in depression, and notably, a 4.2 and 1.0 percentage point elevation in multimorbidity and functional limitations among migrants relative to non-migrants. Evident from the outcomes is a stark health disparity, emphasising migrants' heightened vulnerability across multiple health dimensions. The implication of this research highlights the necessity for policy interventions aimed at eliminating health inequalities between migrant and non-migrant populations.Item Human health implications of emerging diseases and the current situation in India's vaccine industry(Science in One Health, 2023) Jiban Kumar Behera; Pabitra Mishra; Anway Kumar Jena; Bhaskar Behera; Manojit BhattacharyaEmerging diseases are infectious diseases that pose significant threat to human health, causing millions of deaths and disabilities in the upcoming days. Periodic epidemics of new infections and old reinfections increase the global burden of disease prevalence. They can be caused by new pathogens or evolving ones, which change human behavior and environmental factors.