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Item Mental health insurance scenario in India(Indian Journal of Psychiatry, 2021) Madhurima GhoshThe insurance companies have a predetermined premium loading for preexisting medical conditions. In case of mental illness applying the same will be challenging.Item A Cross-sectional Study to Analyze the Social,Sexual, and Reproductive Challenges among Serodiscordant Couples(Indian J. Dermatol., 2019) Neerja Saraswat; Ajay Chopra; Sushil Kumar; Reetu Agarwal; Debdeep Mitra; Parul KambojIntroduction: The term serodiscordant couples refers to an intimate partnership in which one partner is human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive and the other HIV negative. They form a special population which are constantly at risk of acquiring infection, require safer sexual and reproductive options, and are in constant psychological and emotional distress. Aims: To describe the social, sexual, and reproductive issues and their impact on serodiscordant couples. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on HIV-serodiscordant couples, admitted or attending our outpatient department, where the couples had not separated. A detailed interview of the partners on social, sexual, and reproductive issues was conducted and the data were endorsed in the pro forma. Results: Sixty-four serodiscordant couples were included in the study. Sixty-two (96.8%) males were seropositive compared to 2 (3.1%) females. Sixty-one (95.3%) patients were married and 3 (4.6%) were unmarried. Thirty-six (56.2%) patients were between the age group of 21 and 35 years, 21 (32.8%) between 36 and 55 years, and 7 (10.9%) between 56 and 70 years. Sixty-two (96.8%) patients had a heterosexual orientation compared to 2 (3.1%) patients who were homosexual. Twenty-one (32.8%) patients had a history of sexual encounter outside the relation while 27 (42.1%) were not aware of the source of infection. Fifty-one (79.6%) patients were on antiretroviral therapy (ART) compared to 13 (20.3%) patients who were not on ART. Thirty-one (48.4%) patients admitted to have a constant strain in relation while 16 (25%) were practicing safe sex. Thirty-nine (60.9%) patients had fear of disease transmission while 26 (40.6%) had fear of pregnancy. Forty-nine (76.5%) patients had children at the time of detection while 15 (23.4%) had no issue. Forty-one (64%) patients expressed desire to have children as compared to 23 (35.9%). Conclusion: The unique requirements of serodiscordant couples in terms of providing them safer sexual and reproductive options to prevent the transmission of HIV to the seronegative partner or the child during pregnancy need to be addressed for better patient management.Item A model for digital mental healthcare: Its usefulness and potential for service delivery in low- and middle-income countries(Indian J. Psychiatry, 2019) Savita Malhotra; Subho Chakrabarti; Ruchita ShahBackground: Using digital technology to deliver mental health care can possibly serve as a viable adjunct or alternative to mainstream services in lessening the mental health gap in a large number of resource deficient and LAMI countries. Conventional models of telepsychiatric services available so far, however, have been inadequate and ineffective, as these address only a small component of care, and rely on engagement of specialists who are grossly insufficient in numbers. Aim: To describe an innovative digital model of mental health care, enabling and empowering the non-specialists to deliver high quality mental health care in remote areas. Methods: The model is powered by an online, fully automated clinical decision support system (CDSS), with interlinked modules for diagnosis, management and follow-up, usable by non-specialists after brief training and minimal supervision by psychiatrist, to deliver mental health care at remote sites. Results: The CDSS has been found to be highly reliable, feasible, with sufficient sensitivity and specificity. This paper describes the model and initial experience with the digital mental health care system deployed in three geographically difficult and remote areas in northern hill states in India. The online system was found to be reasonably comprehensive, brief, feasible, user-friendly, with high levels of patient satisfaction. 2594 patients assessed at the three remote sites and the nodal center represented varied diagnoses. Conclusions: The digital model described here has the potential to serve as an effective alternative or adjunct for delivering comprehensive and high quality mental health care in LAMI countries like India in the primary and secondary care settings.Item Disruptive digital innovations in healthcare: Knowing the past and anticipating the future(Technovation, 2023) Umesh Bamel; Shalini Talwar; Vijay Pereira; Laura Corazza; Amandeep DhirThe analysis suggests that existing scholarship has drawn upon various interdisciplinary theories to map the enablers as well as the barriers that may inhibit the adoption and usage of these disruptive innovations. Based on the findings of our structured approach, we offer useful recommendations to advance research and practice in this field.Item A cohort data-based perspective on ecological aspects predicaments in human health(Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess., 2023) Yogita Pimpale; Sachin GuptaThe ecological aspects such as environmental factors, socioeconomic constraints and demographic parameters are one of the key aspects to examine the health benefits of human subject and used as ready reference in eco system modeling. Presently, there are various kinds of deadly diseases and disorders who are liable for affecting the human health and impacting the eco framework of whole world. The virus such as Corona, Swine Flu, omicron and others are one of the best examples for the research community to understand the vulnerability of human health in relation to these unpredictable causes. As per report of world health organization every year, more than 10 million people are affected by such ecological and environmental disbalance. The burden of ecological aspects apparently affecting the working of various organs in human subject. There is a need to understand this ecological model in relation to health of human subjects. In this study, a cohort-based data set of ecological pollutants and physiological signals such as ECG and anthropogenic data of human subjects were extracted from Maharashtra from 2015 to 2021. As per neural network-based hazard ratio was calculated and observed to be deplorable among unhealthy and health categories of human subjects. It has been concluded that the accumulative eco system is responsible for overburden to organs of living beings and policy makers must focus on the facts of study for modern management framework designs.Item Ecosystems Determinants of Nutritional Adequacy Among the Indian Preschool Children(Journal of the Indian Institute of Science, 2022) Bita Afsharinia; Anjula Gurtoo; Hasheem MannanGiven the specified importance of dietary diversity in reducing the burden of malnutrition, our study explores the reasons for the high malnutrition rate in India through an assessment of a comprehensive range of ecosystem factors leading to poor nutrient intake.Item Addressing the health needs of people with disabilities in India(Indian J. Public Health, 2020) Suraj Singh Senjam; Amarjeet SinghIn India, the number of people with disabilities is continuously growing over the past few decades. The figure is expected to increase due to population aging, with a resultant increase in chronic health conditions. The health of people with disabilities is a relatively neglected and ignored area. Further, the disabled face poor access to healthcare and frequently encounter discrimination or stigmatization. These situations make them more vulnerable to many comorbidities in their health, making severe compromises in their quality of life. Therefore, people with disabilities need special healthcare than people without disabilities. There is a need for sensitization of all health-care providers to ensure quality, affordable, and accessible health-care services for people with disabilities. To address the health-care needs of people with disabilities to the maximum, Ministry of Health, Government of India should incorporate appropriate guidelines in various national health programs and work together with a relevant ministry.Item Availability of public health facilities and utilization of maternal and child health services in districts of India(Clinical Epidemiology And Global Health, 2022) Reshmi R.S Gulshan Kumar aThis study aims to address the spatial variation in the availability of public health facilities and utilization of Maternal and Child Health (MCH) services at district level in India.Item A Qualitative Assessment among Personnel Working in Community-Led Development Program Settings Regarding Sexualized Substance Use(Brain Sci., 2022) Binata Marik; Nupur Mahajan; Rohit Sarkar; Rochana Mitra; Rajiv Dua; Sumit AggarwalSexualized substance use (SSU) is the practice of psychotropic substance use before or during sex to increase sexual pleasure. The growing use of SSU has a strong association with sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Community health mobilizers (CHMs) are agents who assist in decreasing the global burden of disease in the communities they serve. They work as unit managers, counselors, or field workers. The managers and counselors have a minimum of a bachelor's degree, and field workers have a minimum of a higher secondary education. This study aimed to qualitatively assess the knowledge gaps regarding SSU among CHMs. In-depth interviews (IDIs) were conducted in New Delhi, India with nineteen CHMs. Majority of the CHMs were men (n = 9, 47%) followed by transgender (TG) persons (TG females n = 5, 26.3%; TG males n = 1, 5.2%), and women (n = 4, 21.1%). Knowledge gaps were identified among the CHMs regarding different types of sexualized substances, drug procurement, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection prevention, and complex health issues associated with SSU. It suggested the need for periodic workshops and training for upgradation of existing knowledge and practices among the CHMs. This formative research may help social scientists to develop protocols for conducting multi-centric, community-based studies across the country for further validation and exploration.Item A health risk model for rural households based on the distribution of multi pollutants(Water Sci. Technol., 2023) G. V. Rathnamala; G. P. Shivashankara; R. M. Ashwini; H. R. Rashmi; Basuraj BhowmikRapid consumerism and improper waste disposal create widespread environmental degradation through the air, water sources and landfills in India's rural areas. This work develops a health risk prediction model to score villages based on quantitative and qualitative factors. Quan-titative observations regarding pollutant levels and qualitative responses are collected at various households. The households are risk labelled against WHO standards. From the qualitative factors, significant factors are found. The health risk model is designed to correlate the qualitative factors. A total of 2,370 rural households spread across three dis tricts of Karnataka were selected. The study found that the health risk score predicted by the model has a higher significant correlation (>0.8) to various existing pollutant factors. The study found that source of drinking water (0.87), quality of drinking water (0.81), drainage canal availability (0.72), type of drainage (0.73), stagnant water (0.71), toilet availability (0.83), maintenance frequency (0.83), cooking fuel type (0.77), cigarette use (0.71), garbage pile up (0.73) and the percentage composition of wastes (0.74) were found to have a higher positive correlation to the health of rural households. The villages with higher health risks can be identified, and suitable mitigation plans can be designed to mitigate the health risk by state authorities.