4 results
Search Results
Now showing 1 - 4 of 4
Item A population-based screening program for early detection of common cancers among women in India - methodology and interim results(Indian J. Cancer, 2015) G. A. Mishra; H. D. Dhivar; S. D. Gupta; S. Kulkarni; S. S. ShastriBACKGROUND: Cancers of the uterine cervix, breast, and oral cavity accounted for 134,420, 115,251, and 24,375 cases, respectively, and were responsible for 52.8% of the total cancers among women in India in 2008. AIM: The major objectives were to create awareness regarding common cancers among women, to detect pre-cancers of the uterine cervix and oral cavity, and early cancers of the breast, uterine cervix, and oral cavity, by conducting screening with simple, low-cost technology, within the community, and to facilitate confirmation of diagnosis among the screen positives and treatment and follow-up among the diagnosed cases. SETTINGS AND METHODS: This is a community-based screening program for early detection of breast, uterine cervix, and oral cancers, being implemented among the socioeconomically disadvantaged women in Mumbai, India. The process involves selection of clusters, household surveys, health education, and screening the eligible women for breast, uterine cervix, and oral cancers, by primary healthcare workers, at a temporarily set-up clinic within the community. The program is planned to cover a 125,000 disadvantaged population in five years. RESULTS: Twenty-one thousand and fifteen people, with 4009 eligible women, have been covered to date. The compliance for screening for breast, cervix, and oral cavity has been 85, 70, and 88% and the screen positivity rates are 3.9, 14.9, and 3.9%, respectively. Twenty-seven oral pre-cancers, 25 cervix pre-cancers, one invasive cancer of the breast, two of the cervix, and one oral cavity cancer have been diagnosed among the screened women and all of them have complied with the treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The program is raising awareness about the common cancers and harms of tobacco among the disadvantaged women population in Mumbai. It is also helping in detecting pre-cancers and cancers among asymptomatic women and is assisting them in receiving treatment.Item Determinants of access to improved drinking water and sanitation in India: evidence from India Human Development Survey-II (IHDS)(Water Policy, 2023) Rajiv Gurung; Christopher Tirkey; Kishore Kumar Takri; Nimesh Diyali; Manesh Choubey; Runa RaiThis paper explores the factors determining a household's access to improved drinking water and sanitation in India, using India Human Development Survey (IHDS) II data.Item A comparative study of health outcomes between elderly Migrant and non-migrant population in India: Exploring health disparities through propensity score matching(SSM-Popul. Health, 2024) Bittu Mandal; Kalandi Charan PradhanMigrants constitute a vulnerable segment of the population, particularly susceptible to various health challenges. Despite this, limited research has delved into the comparative health statuses of migrants and non-migrants in the rising elderly population. This study aims to bridge this gap by exploring health disparities between these two groups. Leveraging data from a nationally representative, large-scale Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI) survey (n = 29002; 3103 Migrants and 25899 Non-migrants), this research focuses on four health indicators: selfrated health (SRH), depression, multimorbidity, and functional limitations. The study undertakes descriptive and bivariate analyses for migrant and non-migrant groups and employs propensity score matching techniques to fulfil its objectives. The findings reveal that for respective migrant and non-migrant populations, the prevalence of poor-SRH was 24.04 % and 16.29 %; depression was 12.32 % and 6.62 %; multimorbidity was 26.78 % and 15.71 %, and functional limitation was 28.35 % and 23.13 %. The study uncovers a 2.4 percentage point increase in poor self-rated health, a 1.0 percentage point rise in depression, and notably, a 4.2 and 1.0 percentage point elevation in multimorbidity and functional limitations among migrants relative to non-migrants. Evident from the outcomes is a stark health disparity, emphasising migrants' heightened vulnerability across multiple health dimensions. The implication of this research highlights the necessity for policy interventions aimed at eliminating health inequalities between migrant and non-migrant populations.Item A comparative study of health risks of selected potentially toxic metals in household dust from different socio-economical houses of Dhanbad city, India(Air Qual. Atmos. Health, 2024) Shravan Kumar; Manish Kumar JainIn this study, the determination of heavy metal concentrations (Fe, Mn, Ni, Cd, Cr, Cu, Co, Zn) in dust samples collected from different socioeconomic households in the urban area of Dhanbad city was investigated. Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES) was utilized to detect the heavy metal content of the dust samples after digestion and filtration. The mean concentrations of Fe found 19,983.25 mg kg-1 followed by Mn (313.03 mg kg-1), Zn (296.05 mg kg-1), Cu (62.16 mg kg-1), Cr (37.87 mg kg-1), Ni (33.67 mg kg-1), Co (11.66 mg kg-1), and Cd (5.65 mg kg-1). Contamination Factor (CF) for elements Fe, Mn, Ni, and Co obtained values less than 1 signifying low contamination, CF values for element Cu ranged between 1 to 3 signifying moderate contamination whereas Zn comes under considerable contamination. CF values for elements Cd signify high contamination in all types of households. Cd was found to be highly enriched with a mean value of EF greater than 20 followed by Zn, Cu, Cr, Ni, Co, and Mn. The hazard index (HI) of selected heavy metals was less than 1 and the carcinogenic risk (CR) values for Cd, Cr, and Ni were found below safe levels (1E-06 to 1E-04) for both adults as well as children. The HI value for children was around five times that of adults, suggesting that children are at a greater risk of exposure to heavy metals in indoor dust from all socioeconomic type households.