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Item Do integrative approaches to health contribute to self-reliance in primary healthcare? reflections from a community case study in Kerala, India(Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine, 2022) BS Shivanand; M Tushara; PM Unnikrishnan; Jayanna KrishnamurthyIntegrative healthcare practice is fragmented due to variations in the evidence perception by the people.Item Diabetes and diabetic retinopathy: the growing public health concerns in India(The Lancet Regional Health - Southeast Asia, 2024) Suraj Singh SenjamIt is widely recognised that diabetic retinopathy is one of the major causes of visual impairment, especially in the adult population. India is accountable for one of seven adults living with diabetes worldwide.Item Accumulation of heavy metals in the vegetables grown in wastewater irrigated areas of Dehradun, India with reference to human health risk(Environ. Monit. Assess., 2015) A. K. Chopra; Chakresh PathakThe present study on accumulation of heavy metals in the vegetables viz. Beta vulgaris, Phaseolus vulgaris, Spinacea oleracea, and Brassica oleracea var. botrytis grown in the wastewater-irrigated soil near the Bindal river, Dehradun, has shown the maximum accumulation of metals for Pb (196.91 +/- 8.13 mg/kg), Cu (36.75 +/- 6.19 mg/kg), Zn (305.54 +/- 14.30 mg/kg), Ni (125.48 +/- 5.97 mg/kg), Cd (29.58 +/- 4.26 mg/kg), and Cr (93.06 +/- 3.25 mg/kg) in agricultural soil irrigated with wastewater. The enrichment factor of soil was maximum for Cr (8.74) and minimum for Cu (0.88). In case of vegetables, the concentrations of heavy metals were maximum for Pb (86.69 +/- 6.69) in the flower of B. oleracea var. botrytis, Cu (33.49 +/- 2.09) and Zn (161.86 +/- 17.79) in the leaves of S. oleracea, Ni (80.72 +/- 8.40) and Cd (23.19 +/- 2.76), and Cr (57.18 +/- 8.16) in the root of B. vulgaris grown in wastewater (WW)-irrigated soil. The bioaccumulation factor (BAF) for Cu (0.911) was maximum in S. oleracea and minimum for Pb (0.440) in B. vulgaris. The maximum daily intake of metals was found for Zn (0.059) in S. oleracea and minimumfor Cd (0.008) in B. vulgaris. The human health risk index was found to be more than 1 for Pb and Cd. The long-term wastewater irrigation resulted in accumulation of heavy metals in vegetables which may cause potential health risks to consumers as these vegetables are sold in local markets of Dehradun city.Item Addressing reproductive health knowledge, infertility and coping strategies among rural women in India(J. Biosoc. Sci., 2021) Shraboni Patra; Sayeed UnisaAn awareness of fertility and the factors affecting it is crucial to dealing with infertility, though little research has been conducted in the context of rural India. This study assessed Indian women's perceived causes of, and strategies for coping with, infertility and the associations with levels of reproductive health knowledge in rural areas. Primary data were collected through mapping and listing in high infertility prevalence districts of West Bengal in 2014-15. A total of 159 women aged 20-49 years who had ever experienced infertility were interviewed. A Reproductive Health Knowledge Index (RHKI) was computed to indicate respondent's level of reproductive health knowledge, and to show its association with perceived causes of infertility and coping with infertility. The highest mean RHKI score was observed among women in the lowest age group (RHKI=5.75, p<0.001), those with a higher level of education (RHKI=9.39, p<0.001) and those who had exposure to any media (RHK1=5.88, p<0.001). Women with a poor wealth index (RHKI=2.11, p<0.01) and those from Scheduled Caste, Scheduled Tribe and Other Backward Class communities (RHKI=4.20, p<0.05) had lower RHKI scores than richer women and those from General Caste communities. Women with a higher RHKI score were more likely to give biology (98.0%, p<0.001), old age (94.1%, p<0.01) and repeated abortions/accident/injury (92.2%,p<0.001) as reasons for infertility, whereas women with a low RHKI were more likely to give religious (73.2%, p<0.001) and old-age-related causes (75.0%, p<0.01) of infertility. Women with a high RHKI score were more likely to opt for modern allopathic treatments (RHKI=7.04, p<0.001), whereas those with a low RHKI score were more likely to seek treatment from religious and superstitious practitioners, use home remedies or receive no treatment at all (RHKI=1.66, p<0.001). Appropriate reproductive health knowledge is crucial if rural Indian women are to correctly assess their infertility problems and choose effective coping strategies.